The Speech Preparation of J.F.K. Essay - 1278 Words

The Speech Preparation of J.F.K. From the first moments of his presidency, John F. Kennedy evoked a strong sense of security and spirit of idealism in the American public. He reassured the citizens of their nations strengths, and by declaring one of historys most famous questions, inspired them to better serve their country. The charismatic, young president dazzled the world not only with his physical poise and eloquence, but also with his simple, yet intense, use of rhetoric and voice. Identified by a fervent delivery, Kennedys distinct style and appeal as a leader progressed throughout his short career as a public speaker and elected official. His speeches, though mostly composed by Ted Sorensen, adequately conveyed†¦show more content†¦Later, he studied at Harvard, and was an active student who participated in football, swimming, wrote for the Crimson, and aptly concentrated his studies in the field of government. After graduating cum laude at Harvard, Kennedy was faced with the problem of choosing a career. He worked for several months as a reporter for the Hearst newspapers until he ultimately decided to return to Boston and concentrate on politics. Kennedy viewed government as an honorable profession - one that could place a party or man in the position to make changes for the better (Salinger, 65). At the time, Kennedy was viewed as a man who did not enjoy public speaking and needed much improvement, but he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives and then to the U.S. Senate. Then problems with his back caused Kennedy to undergo several surgeries. During his extensive convalescence he occupied himself by composing a study of noteworthy political acts of bravery by eight United States Senators (Summers). Profiles in Courage received the Pulitzer Prize for biography in 1957, and, in turn, served as a main source for the material in many of Kennedys subsequent speeches as a poli tician. Four years after nearly receiving a Democratic nomination for Vice President, Kennedy began his campaign for the presidency in 1960. As his career progressively grew broader and more successful, so did his abilities as a public speaker. He traveled across the country, speaking on a hundred

Polymer Processing Free Essays

Chapter 3. Polymer Processing Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Polymer Processing or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. Procedure for casting sheets of polymer. Polymer Materials Page ? 2 Polymer Process Techniques HEMA = hydroxyethyl methacrylate EGDMA = ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Fig. 3. 2. Centrifugal mold for poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) contact lenses Solvent casting of films Fig. 3. 3. Laboratory spreading device for the solution casting of films. Polymer Materials Page ? 3 Polymer Process Techniques Roll casting Fig. 3. 4. Knife coating of a polymer onto a film. Polymer Materials Page ? 4 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 5. Polymer casting bench. Polymer Materials Page ? 5 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 6. Solution casting of films on an industrial scale with the use of rotating metal drums. Polymer Materials Page ? 6 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 7. Use of a moving-belt system for the continuous solution casting of polymer films. Polymer Materials Page ? 7 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 8. ‘Bubble’ blowing of films. Polymer Materials Page ? 8 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 9. Film manufacture by calendering. Polymer Materials Page ? 9 Polymer Process Techniques Methods for melt processing of films Fig. 3. 10. Hydraulic press for the melt pressing of polymer films. Polymer Materials Page ? 10 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 11. Sequence of operations for the melt extrusion of polymer films. Polymer Materials Page ? 11 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 12. Diagram of a plastics extruder. Polymer Materials Page ? 12 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 13. Diagram of a compression-molding press and mold. Polymer Materials Page ? 13 Polymer Process Techniques Melt process Fig. 3. 14. Diagram of an injection-molding machine. Polymer Materials Page ? 14 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 15. Thermoforming of polymer sheets. Polymer Materials Page ? 15 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 16. ‘Plug flow reactor’ to manufacture radiation crosslinked tubings or belts. Polymer Materials Page ? 16 Polymer Process Techniques Reaction Injection Molding (RIM) Advantages: ? Large parts ? Low viscosity ? Inexpensive Materials : ? Urethanes ? Polyureas ? Nylon ? Polyolefins Fig. 3. 17. Reaction injection molding (RIM) device to produce reinforced polyurethanes. ? Cylinder charged with diol and triol plus dibutyltin dilaurate ? Cylinder charged with molten diisocyanate ? Half of split mold ? Half of split mold ? Cavity to be filled with reinforcing fiber, then with mixed liquid from nozzle ? Nozzle for mixing streams from ? and ? Polymer Materials Page ? 17 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 18. Apparatus for the laboratory wet spinning of fibers. Polymer Materials Page ? 18 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 19. Use of a motor-driven syringe pump for the laboratory preparation of wet-spun fibers. Polymer Materials Page ? 19 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 20. Laboratory assembly for the ry spinning of fibers. Polymer Materials Page ? 20 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 21. Industrial wet spinning. Polymer Materials Page ? 21 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 22. Laboratory or pilot-plant equipment for the melt extrusion of fibers. Polymer Materials Page ? 22 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 23. Manufacturing equipment for the dry spinning of fibers. Polymer Materials Page ? 23 Polymer Process Techn iques Fig. 3. 24. Equipment for the melt spinning of fibers on an industrial scale. Polymer Materials Page ? 24 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 25. Three methods for the continuous orientation of synthetic fibers. (a) The fiber passes round a ‘peg’ which stabilizes the stretch orientation being induced by the faster-turning set of rollers. (b) The faster-turning drum stretches the polymer in the orientation zone. With this technique some difficulty may be experienced with stabilization of this zone. (c) The two drums turn at the same speed. But the fiber is stretched because of the greater circumference of the second drum. Polymer Materials Page ? 25 Polymer Process Techniques Processing of Elastomers (Vulcanizable) Fig. 3. 26. Reactor to manufacture four-ply valcanized rubber belts. Polymer Materials Page ? 26 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 27. Tire molding process Polymer Materials Page ? 27 Polymer Process Techniques Composite Laminate Processing Fig. 3. 28. Plug-flow reactor to form epoxy resin preimpregnated sheet. Polymer Materials Page ? 28 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 29. ‘Batch reactor’ to manufacture glass-fiber reinforced polyesters. Polymer Materials Page ? 29 Polymer Process Techniques Fig. 3. 30. Procedure used to manufacture fiber reinforced epoxy resins. Polymer Materials Page ? 30 How to cite Polymer Processing, Papers

Digital Trends Travel Industry In 2015 And Beyond (2015)

Question: 1.What are the most impactful and change in trends? 2.What are the potential growth risks and obstacles? Answer: Hospitality Trends 2015 and Beyond The travel and tourism makes a contribution of around 9% in the global GDP and is the largest employer in the world and it is expected that the industry is going to create a job opportunity of around 75 million jobs. The tourist population in the last 2o years have doubled is also expected to get doubled in the coming 20 years (Mandabach). The various trends that include the fact that the millennial generation would be in its peak earning in the coming 10 years and there would be a huge demand for travel and tourism products and services and the demands have changed over the years and is also going to change in the future. The customers would demand faster and customized services. The mobile travel services together with social media and digital innovation and analytical tools would emerge as a hot platform to engage the customers and thus build loyalty. Article: Marriott International Unlocks the Future of Hospitality What are the most impactful change in trends? The use of mobile device to search for the travel options has increased but laptops and PCs are till the commonly used options for the search. 18% of the internet users tend to make use of the social media to research and plan their travel (Godbey). Among the age group of 16 to 24 years, around 44% of the individuals uses the social media that any other groups. Enhanced expectations on the part of the customers to interact with the products and brands. What are the potential growth risks and obstacles? The potential growth risks and the obstacles include the following: Lack of appropriate infrastructure Lack of experienced and qualified personnel Challenge of achieving the required service level Inadequate promotion and marketing i.e. not making an effective use of the digital media. Security issues like the cybercrime due to increase in the rate of online bookings and making payments online (Fitzpatrick). Regulatory issues The technological advancements are taking place and thus it becomes important that the technology need to be incorporated in the business for enhanced growth. Lodging Outlook What are the potential growth risks and why? The economic performance in the third quarter of 2015 lost its momentum in the fourth quarter and this was mainly because of the factors like weak inventory investment and net exports. The potential growth risks also include the less favorable financial conditions and less economic momentum. There are also downside risks to the GDP forecasts that include the sharper than expected in China, strengthening of the US dollar, widening conflict in Middle East and reduced pace of recovery in the prices of housing (Sheel). How is the supply line of hotels affecting the economic future? What is the strongest year the industry will see? The supply growth in the long term has reached the level of 1.9% and this has been the highest in the year 2016 as compared to the previous years since 2010. So this can be related to a marginal increase in the occupancy levels to 65.7% and so it would result in meaningful average daily rate increase (Jain). The year 2016 is the strongest year that the industry is seeing. References Fitzpatrick, Kate. "TRAVEL TECHNOLOGY". DIGITAL TRENDS FOR THE TRAVEL INDUSTRY IN 2015 AND BEYOND (2015): 5 - 8. Print. Godbey, G. "Time, Work, And Leisure: Trends That Will Shape The Hospitality Industry". Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research 17.1 (2014): 49-58. Web. Jain, Abhishek. "Average Daily Rate Reluctantly Takes The DriverS Seat". Hospitality Directions (2016): 1 - 3. Print. Mandabach, Keith. "Keep Current On Industry Trends". J Tourism Hospit 03.03 (2014): n. pag. Web. Sheel, Atul. "Trends In The Lodging Industry". The Journal of Hospitality Financial Management 9.1 (2015): vii-vii. Web.

The power of imagery Essay Example For Students

The power of imagery Essay The wind, waves, and sounds heard along the beach, the physical aspects of the setting, represent the emotional battle of people losing their faith. The poets description of a land of dreams having, neither joy, nor love, nor light, nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain- (Arnold, 1138) reflects the emptiness after one looses his faith. In Dylan Thomas Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night the usage of words and metaphors give away the poems underlying theme of darkness and death. One of the images Thomas uses is that of the wise old man. We will write a custom essay on The power of imagery specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Though wise men at their end know dark is right,/ Because their words forked no lighting they/ Do not go gentle into that good night (Thomas, 1156). This passage speaks of wise men that fail. The archetypal definition of the wise man is one who possesses the qualities of insight, wisdom, cleverness, a spiritual principle. But aside from the fact that these men are wise, their words still mean nothing. This passage gives the reader an unmistakable image of darkness in the lives of even those who are wise. A second image that portrays this theme is the fourth stanza of the poem. Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight, / And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way,/ Do not go gentle into that good night (Thomas, 1156). Here the image of the sun represents the passing of life. And the men, who were too late in catching the sun and grieved it on its way, are giving us the image that the sun is setting. It could also be interpreted as the sun for that day is dying. Here again we have a passage that is giving us a clear image of darkness and also, Thomas referring to death. The strongest image of darkness and death is shown in the last stanza of the poem. The final stanza combines the last lines from the odd and even-numbered stanzas for an additional line to strengthen the speakers thoughts. This portrays the ongoing war between life and death. The old man went back and forth between life and death as the stanzas last lines switched back and forth. In the end, the two last lines join together as the old man and his son accept that death is a part of life. Do not go gentle into that good night. / Rage, rage against the dying of the light (Thomas, 1156). The death of the light here shows us blackness: the ultimate darkness. In Sylvia Plaths Mirror, the poet uses personification to have the mirror describe its relationship with the woman, her obsession with her looks, and her fear of aging. The mirror gains a personality in the two stanzas of the poem. It is portrayed as a four-cornered little god. The God sees all, so the mirror, as a little god, sees all of our flaws. Her choice of words brings a lot of different pictures into mind. Through the use of word, such as silver and exact the mirror appears to be square and harsh rather than oval and loving. The reader learns that the mirror in hanged on the wall and is pink, with speckles (Plath, 524), which brings the image of a wall in the bathroom. In the second stanza a women bends over the (Plath, 524). Here, the image of the water in the sink under the bathrooms mirror comes to mind and the liars, candles or the moon (Plath, 524) actually seems to be the soft lighting that is found in most bathrooms. .u5816e36ce2bbd194a71451301f2639ef , .u5816e36ce2bbd194a71451301f2639ef .postImageUrl , .u5816e36ce2bbd194a71451301f2639ef .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5816e36ce2bbd194a71451301f2639ef , .u5816e36ce2bbd194a71451301f2639ef:hover , .u5816e36ce2bbd194a71451301f2639ef:visited , .u5816e36ce2bbd194a71451301f2639ef:active { border:0!important; } .u5816e36ce2bbd194a71451301f2639ef .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5816e36ce2bbd194a71451301f2639ef { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5816e36ce2bbd194a71451301f2639ef:active , .u5816e36ce2bbd194a71451301f2639ef:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5816e36ce2bbd194a71451301f2639ef .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5816e36ce2bbd194a71451301f2639ef .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5816e36ce2bbd194a71451301f2639ef .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5816e36ce2bbd194a71451301f2639ef .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5816e36ce2bbd194a71451301f2639ef:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5816e36ce2bbd194a71451301f2639ef .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5816e36ce2bbd194a71451301f2639ef .u5816e36ce2bbd194a71451301f2639ef-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5816e36ce2bbd194a71451301f2639ef:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Examine the relationship between literary innovation EssayThrough the line Drowned a young girl, and in me an old woman (Plath, 524) the poet depicts the passing of time, a women coming into full maturity. It seems as if the young woman has been slowly swallowed up by the mirror throughout the years. It also shows that the women did not have any choice over it; she has become a slave to the mirror, as she becomes increasingly restless at the way in which it reflects her gradual aging. The last line of the second stanza compares the women to a terrible fish (Plath, 524). The terrible fish seems to be the women trying to wash away her age, by washing the face in a sink filled with water. When she brings the face back up from in the water she sees herself in the mirror. She is still old and now she is wet and water is dripping from her face. Her face looks now like a wrinkled fish out of water. The picture of a terrible fish definitely enhances the understanding of poets emotions. It becomes obvious that the poet is simply disquasted with her appearance. The usage of images in poetry is very powerful and intriguing. Poets choose the images that best suit the picture that they want to portray. However, they do not have the power of controlling the readers interpretation of their work. Everybody might have different association with a specific image and this is what makes poetry so wonderful. Arnold expresses his feeling through the usage of sight and hearing; Dylan Thomas chose various types of metaphors to present his rage against death, while Sylvia Plath expressed her emotions through the personification. Through the use of images, all three poets uttered what they desired very well. Without imagery their work would not be as effective. The pictures that the reader is presented with make the poetry very visual and sensual. All this enhances the readers understanding of the poems and definitely makes it more pleasurable as well. Works Cited Page Arnold, Matthew. Do not go Gently into that Good Night. Exploring Literature (2004) Plath, Sylvia. Mirror. Exploring Literature (2004) Thomas, Dylan. Dover Beach. Exploring Literature (2004)

Free Essays on Grief And Loss

Abstract This paper will identify and analyze the main concepts ideas outlined in the learning goals of course grief and bereavement. The paper outlines the elements and stages of grief, as well as the complications that might arise from the process. The risk factors associated with the inability to resolve grief and the principles and techniques for effective grief therapy. The paper will also address the assessment and treatment of adults, children, and families with special attention to special types of loss and cultural considerations. The writer will identify her position on grief and bereavement and support the position with the appropriate literature. Good abstract Grief is universal and experienced by all humans at some point in life. Worden (2002), states the people have been grieving for thousands of years, long before professionals were available to assist with the process. Grief is experienced by millions of American each year and each experience is unique and different. While most grief is experienced in the context of a loss to death; grief can come from other kinds of losses including divorce, losing a beloved pet, ending a friendship, infertility, giving a child up for adoption, and even saying goodbye to adult children as they leave for college or to live on their own. All of these involve loss and another person, yet none involve death. Other losses can include losing your job, your independence, relocating or losing a beloved pet. In each case, a lose resulting in grief, even though the focus of one’s grief is not necessarily on another human being. This paper will focus on grief in the context of a loss to death. While grief is universal, no grief experience is exactly the same. One’s reaction to the death of their father can be very different from the reaction to the death of their mother, spouse, siblings or offspring. Individuals process their grief differently and some are able... Free Essays on Grief And Loss Free Essays on Grief And Loss Abstract This paper will identify and analyze the main concepts ideas outlined in the learning goals of course grief and bereavement. The paper outlines the elements and stages of grief, as well as the complications that might arise from the process. The risk factors associated with the inability to resolve grief and the principles and techniques for effective grief therapy. The paper will also address the assessment and treatment of adults, children, and families with special attention to special types of loss and cultural considerations. The writer will identify her position on grief and bereavement and support the position with the appropriate literature. Good abstract Grief is universal and experienced by all humans at some point in life. Worden (2002), states the people have been grieving for thousands of years, long before professionals were available to assist with the process. Grief is experienced by millions of American each year and each experience is unique and different. While most grief is experienced in the context of a loss to death; grief can come from other kinds of losses including divorce, losing a beloved pet, ending a friendship, infertility, giving a child up for adoption, and even saying goodbye to adult children as they leave for college or to live on their own. All of these involve loss and another person, yet none involve death. Other losses can include losing your job, your independence, relocating or losing a beloved pet. In each case, a lose resulting in grief, even though the focus of one’s grief is not necessarily on another human being. This paper will focus on grief in the context of a loss to death. While grief is universal, no grief experience is exactly the same. One’s reaction to the death of their father can be very different from the reaction to the death of their mother, spouse, siblings or offspring. Individuals process their grief differently and some are able...

Analysing the Marketing strategy of Temenos

Analysing the Marketing strategy of Temenos This report focuses on the marketing strategy of Temenos and its position relative to competitors. It basically falls in the category of Business 2 Business sales. In the beginning it describes major factors affecting the sales of the core banking solution concisely and then includes the environmental analysis of US market for Temenos. Furthermore, current challenges Temenos faces in US market. In addition to that, report also comprises of 4p analysis and segementation, targeting & positioning strategies of Temenos. Company Background According to Temenos website, â€Å"Group AG is the market leading provider of banking software systems to retail, corporate, universal, private, Islamic and microfinance & community banks. Headquartered in Geneva with 56 offices worldwide, Temenos serves over 1,000 financial institutions in more than 125 countries across the world†. Business Buying Decision Process B2B decision process is mostly extracted from the study conducted by Dr. S. S. S atchidananda (2006) and from the book of Soloman(2009). Problem Recognition When technology is out dated and consider as hindrance for the growth of the business. System is unable to align with other modern systems. Maintenance of legacy system becomes too costly. Inability to handle new regulation. Scalability issue Information Search Firstly client needs to identify its current and perceptible future needs and then select the option on the basis of the requirement. Two basic options are available for the banks, advantages and disadvantages are mentioned in Appendix (A) figure (1.1). In case of integrated solution, vendors are selected that matches the requirements and constraints of the client. Vendor’s existence and credibility is considered as the decisive factor in the selection of vendor along with the methodology proposed by the vendor. Evaluation of Options After evaluating above mentioned criteria, one or two vendors are selected and they will be invited to Point of care (POC) and then planned a visit to vendor’s customer for evaluating the POC scenarios on production or real time environment. Post Purchase Evaluation Temenos used to do post purchase evaluation by conducting structured interviews and publishing case studies that are readily available on their web sites. The Environment 3.1 Macro Environment 3.1.1 Political Current financial crises lead to political instability and results in the introduction of new regulations and reforms particularly effecting banking industry. US congress has recently agreed a bill containing biggest overhaul of banking regulations since 1930(BBC News Business, 25th June 2010).Banks have lobbied against the legislation and launch an active campaign against the new regulation. Barack Obama has criticized banks for lobbying and spending huge amount of money on campaigns against the bill (BBC, 2010). Current defeat of democrats in US mid-term elections resulting in losing control over house of representat ive and consequently reducing majority margin in senate (Midterms Show Voters Stillà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, 2010). 3.1.2 Economical United States economy is in the phase of recovering from one of the most severe financial crises. GDP has grown by 2% mostly due to consumer spending. Additionally, business investment in software and equipment has surged by 12% and government spending increased by 3.4%. Although economy is showing some sign of recovery but still dollars in continuously weakening and unemployment rate increases (Julia Kollewe, 2010).

Is Andrew obliged to supply a 1,500 computer to Betty, Colin and Edith Coursework

Is Andrew obliged to supply a 1,500 computer to Betty, Colin and Edith - Coursework Example Offers can be general or specific. General offers are meant for general public and anyone who can fulfill the conditions of the offer can accept it. Specific offers are made to specific parties and can be accepted only by them. An offer can be revoked at any time before it is accepted. In the given case, Andrew circulated a flyer to local businesses which means that he made a general offer to all of them. Andrew made his offer in the beginning of the month of January. His advertisement stated that â€Å"any orders notified by the end of January will be met at the special discount price of  £1,500†. Andrew found this offer to be too generous and decided to revoke it. He posted a letter of revocation to the same businesses on 20th of January. However, a revocation cannot be effective unless the offeree knows of it. In Dickenson v Dodds1, the defendant offered to sell property to the plaintiff. Before the plaintiff could reply, the defendant sold the property to a third party. A friend of the plaintiff told him that the house was sold. It was held that the offer was effectively revoked and was no longer open for acceptance because the plaintiff’s friend’s intimation was adequate notice and a reasonable person would have easily deemed the offer to have been revoked. In the given case, it is important to consider whether the acceptance was completed before the offer was revoked. Andrew communicated his revocation of offer through post on the 20th of January as against himself but the letter was not delivered before the 2nd of February. In Adams v Lindsell2, a famous rule called â€Å"Postal Rule† was established according to which the acceptance of an offer is complete when a letter of acceptance has been posted. However, this rule is not applicable on the communication of revocation of offer by post. In Stevenson, Jacques & Co v McLean3, the plaintiff was an iron merchant who purchased iron and sold it to third

Negligence and tort law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Negligence and tort law - Essay Example Where no duty is owed there can be no liability The Structure of Negligence The definition of negligence in ordinary parlance is carelessness. Its strict legal analysis was given by Lord Wright in Lochgelly Iron and Coal Co vs. McMullan (1934): â€Å"†¦.negligence means more than heedless or careless conduct, whether in omission or commission: it properly connotes the complex concept of duty, breach and damage thereby suffered by the person to whom the duty was owed.† Negligence as a tort is that made up of a tripartite element structure: the defendant in being careless must have breached a duty, which results in damage and such damage mustn’t be too remote from the cause, (Feinman 2010, P. 34). To have breached a duty, the defendant must have owed it to the claimant and the defendant himself must have fallen below certain legal standards. The defendant’s actions must be tied to the legal injury suffered by the claimant such injury being worthy of compensati on. A judgement will be centred on these three concepts but that doesn’t necessarily mean that they are separate and distinct, they overlap to a great extent. Virtually anyone can be capable of negligence: an occupier of premises, a driver, manufacturers and retailers. The â€Å"general conception of relations† that give rise to a duty of care is as, per Lord Atkins, between neighbours. â€Å"Persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in my contemplation as being affected when I am directing my mind to acts or omissions which are called in question.†-Lord Atkins, Donoghue vs. Stevenson (1932). The duty of care generally extends only to individuals directly harmed and whose interaction with the tortfeasor is reasonably foreseeable, (University of London 2005, P.14). The conceptual structure of negligence tort has been agreed among scholarly circles to encompass five basic elements: the existence of a duty of a care, breach of this duty, factual causation, remoteness and finally legal injury. Duty of Care Until the recent case of Caparo Industries vs. Dickman (1990), duty of care was established by applying Lord Atkin’s Neighbour test from Donoghue vs. Stevenson (1932) which was at the root of the fault principle in Common Law jurisdictions. Lord MacMillan set out a new category of delict not particularly based on negligence per se but on the implied warranty of fitness of product, (Eren 2007, Para. 4). In Caparo vs. Dickman, the formula currently determining the duty of care as used by courts was founded. In the test, three things must be established: whether the consequences of the defendant’s act were reasonably foreseeable, whether there is a relationship of proximity between the parties, physical or legal and whether in all the circumstances it was just fair and reasonable that the law should impose a duty. In the case, economic loss due to negligent misstatement by a co mpany accountants was held remote as there was no proximity between accountants and those who would rely on their reports, (Smith & Burns

Importance-Performance Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Importance-Performance Evaluation Essay 1. 0 Introduction Patronage of any product or service is a function of the satisfaction a consumer derives from its usage. In the case of hotels, patrons tend to equate good service to the facilities and amenities which make their stay as pleasurable and comfortable as can be desired for their money’s worth. It is, therefore, imperative that the hotel management carefully considers customer feedback in addressing hotel improvement initiatives. The purpose of this report is to undertake an Importance-Performance Evaluation of the City Hotel as commissioned by the Griffith University Hotel based from the ratings given by selected business and pleasure travelers on how important the existing hotel facilities were to them and the performance of these facilities in meeting their needs. Preliminary calculations were performed to find the means and standard deviations for each facility which aided in the identification of the five highest and five least most important facilities, as well as the facilities which garnered the five highest and five lowest performance ratings. A scatter plot was then drawn with benchmarks set to indicate acceptable levels of importance and performance. Statistical analysis using the t-test was also conducted to identify significant differences on the respondents’ perceived importance of each hotel facility. Findings revealed that the over-all mean of the importance and performance rating are 2. 83 and 3. 15, respectively. Facilities with the highest importance and performance ratings are in-room cable television and family restaurant, respectively. The two types of travelers differed significantly in their perception of the importance in eight of the 17 facilities evaluated. 2. 0 Research methods This paper made use of Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) to identify hotel facilities which are performing well and those that need particular attention from management for improvement and to detect significant differences in the perceived importance of each facility. Utility of the IPA for use in this paper stems from the fact that results may be graphically displayed and interpreted on a two-dimensional grid, simultaneously indicating importance and performance dimensions of the hotel facilities being evaluated. The IPA method of assessment makes use of four sets of data, namely the means, standard deviations, scatter plot and the t-statistic. The t-test was performed using a 0. 05 level of significance. 3. 0 Results Figure 1. Importance – Performance Mean and SD and t-test Results Figure 1 displays the mean and standard deviation of each of the 17 facilities of the City Hotel as evaluated by its patrons, as well as the results of the t-test performed on the importance ratings given by the two types of travellers. As shown in Figure 1, the five most important hotel facilities are the in-room cable television, in-room broadband connection, a-la-carte restaurant, express check-out and the free daily newspaper; while the five least important facilities are the express check-in, valet parking, wireless broadband connection throughout hotel, mini-bar, and tennis courts. The over-all mean of the importance ratings is 2. 83. The facilities with the five highest performance ratings are the family restaurant, express check-out, tennis court, in-room broadband, and in-room pay movies. The five lowest performance ratings were given on the following facilities : wireless broadband connection throughout hotel, valet parking, in-room cable television, mini-bar and tour booking service. The over-all mean of the performance ratings is 3. 15. As expected of an IPA, the scatter plot in Figure 2 presents a visual of the importance and performance ratings. The plot also shows established benchmark standards indicative of acceptable levels of importance and performance. The sector defined by the quadrant at the top right indicates high importance and performance, where facilities are said to be performing well. Hotel facilities identified to be performing well include in-room broad connection, a-la-carte restaurant, swimming pool, express check-out, free daily newspaper and games room. On the other hand, the area covered by the quadrant at the top left portion of the plot signifies facilities of low importance but high performance, and are probably facilities which are being over-resourced like room service, family restaurant, tennis courts and in-room pay movies. Meanwhile, the quadrant at the bottom right portion represents facilities which are of high importance but were given low performance ratings. Such facilities are those that need attention from the management, namely the gymnasium and the in-room cable television. Finally, the quadrant at the bottom left portion of the plot contains the facilities with low importance and performance such as the wireless broadband connection throughout the hotel, mini-bar, express check-in, valet parking and tour booking service. These are the facilities with no real issue to focus attention on. Figure 2. Importance-Performance Scatter Plot Figure 3 next page represents the results of the t-test performed between business travelers and pleasure travelers to ascertain any significant differences in the means of their ratings on the perceived importance of each facility at 0. 05 level of significance. Results of the t-test revealed that there were significant differences in the importance ratings between the business and pleasure travelers in terms of the following facilities: in-room broadband connection, family restaurant, gymnasium, in-room pay movies, express check-in, free daily newspaper, games room and tour booking service. Variable Group P-value Significance (P0. 05) Business Pleasure in-room broadband connection 3. 29 3. 21 0. 01 Yes wireless broadband connection throughout hotel 2. 26 2. 23 0. 09 No room service 2. 64 2. 61 0. 07 No a-la-carte restaurant 2. 97 2. 93 0. 1 No family restaurant 2. 86 2. 88 0 Yes mini-bar 2. 2 2. 18 0. 42 No swimming pool 2. 92 2. 91 0. 22 No gymnasium 3. 01 2. 99 0. 02 Yes tennis courts 1. 94 1. 94 0. 15 No in-room pay movies 2. 95 2. 98 0 Yes in-room cable television (foxtel) 3. 8 3. 8 0. 46 No express check-in 2. 8 2. 84 0. 01 Yes express check-out 2. 86 2. 81 0. 05 No valet parking 2. 53 2. 49 0. 19 No free daily newspaper 2. 74 2. 69 0 Yes games room 2. 95 2. 99 0 Yes tour booking service 2. 84 2. 9 0. 02 Yes 4. 0 Conclusions In summary, the evaluation of the facilities of the City Hotel using IPA indicated that the three facilities with the highest importance and performance ratings and are considered as the strongest areas of service in the hotel are in-room broadband connection, a-la-carte restaurant and express-check-out. Management should see to it that these strengths should be well maintained and upgraded whenever possible. Meanwhile the weakest areas are the tour booking service and valet parking. Future improvement plans should include strategies to revitalize the said facilities in order to ensure continued patronage and possibly improve City Hotel’s share of the market. 5. 0 Recommendations Based from the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are being forwarded : (1) Institute a check-out survey among the hotel guests on how the hotel can be of better service to its patrons particularly in the areas of tour booking service and valet parking. This way, management will be appraised of what measures to undertake to enhance customer satisfaction; (2) Review how the other hotels are delivering their tour booking and valet-parking services and take on initiatives which will make City Hotel’s facilities comparable or the best among its class; (3) Undertake an environmental scan on all facilities being offered by the City Hotel in order to single out problem areas, apply potent solutions and improve service on all facilities, prioritizing areas that need attention like the gymnasium and the in-room cable.

Rhetoric, Paideia and the Phaedrus Essay -- Philosophy Philosophical P

Rhetoric, Paideia and the Phaedrus ABSTRACT: Some of the notorious interpretive puzzles of the Phaedrus arise from reading it in terms of a static version of mimesis; hence, the concerns about its apparent failure to enact its own norms and the status of its own self-commentaries. However, if the dialogue is read in the light of the more dynamic model of a perfectionist paideia — that is, Plato’s portrayal of Socrates as attempting to woo Phaedrus to philosophy (with only partial success) is itself a rhetorical attempt to woo the appropriate reader — then many of the puzzles fall into place as part of the rhetorical strategy. The apparent lack of formal unity arises out of Phaedrus’ own deficiencies; the written dialogue turns out precisely not to fall foul of the criticisms of writing that it contains, and its self-commentaries can be given their appropriate ironic weight. On this reading, a Platonic conception of philosophy that embodies yet transcends the dialectical is given persuasive expression. The interpretative puzzles of the Phaedrus are notorious: from a rhetorical point of view it is far from clear that it exhibits the organic unity it apparently endorses, from a philosophical one it exhibits in partially dialectical writing a critique of dialectical writing, while its self-commentary on its own set speeches is puzzling — not least the degree of endorsement it allows to the associations between mania, eros, poetry and philosophy rhetorically presented in Socrates' second speech. Richard Rutherford's recent discussion of these issues (1995: chap. 9) provides a helpful starting point. He plausibly argues for reading Socrates' second speech in the light of the wider dialogue — not least in the light of the Pha... ...ch feelings in the context of one's own experience of eros that one may find one's sensibilities transformed. The wings of the soul of the appropriate reader, on this account, would be capable of being nourished into growth through the dialogue itself, standing to us as older friend in the perfectionist aspiration, a dialogue which in appropriating one may move beyond. Works Cited: Cavell 1990: Stanley Cavell, Conditions Handsome and Unhandsome, Carus Lectures 1988, Chicago and London, University of Chicago Nietzsche 1983: Friedrich Nietzsche, Untimely Meditations, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press Nussbaum 1986: Martha Nussbaum, The Fragility of Goodness, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press Plato 1986: Plato, Phaedrus, ed. and tr. C.J. Rowe, Warminster, Aris & Phillips Rutherford 1995: R.B. Rutherford, The Art of Plato, Trowbridge, Duckworth

African American: an Identity Crisis Essay

For centuries African Americans have been indoctrinated to subsist in a cultural and historical vacuum by their oppressors who would seek to bar them from ever making the connection to their illuminating past. This systematic agenda of mis-education and lies by omission has made possible the subjugation and enslavement, in body and mind, of the African American by his oppressors. In his essay â€Å"The Study of the Negro,† Dr. Carter G. Woodson sets out to ruminate on why the African American has been misled in his ascension to human equality and dignity and how he can remedy the dismal state of his affairs. A thorough reading of Woodson’s pioneering work indicates that we should study the experiences of African-descended people to gain knowledge about ourselves and other cultures as well as to take back accurate traditions and histories that have all but been discredited or misrepresented. Furthermore, only through this systematic study of their meaningful contributions to history can African Americans elevate themselves to empowered enlightenment. One reason to study the experiences of the African American is to instill in him a sense of purpose and place in a world that otherwise intends to keep him perpetually in the dark. Undoubtedly the aim of his oppressors has been to convince him that his history is unimportant so as to deprive him of the sense of pride that is so necessary to feel wholly human. By espousing that â€Å"he has no worthwile past, that his race has done nothing significant since the beginning of time, and that there is no evidence that he will ever achieve anything great† (Woodson 6), his oppressors can be sure that the African American will continue down the path of mis-education that so allows for his subservience to a system that cares nothing for him. However, â€Å"if you teach the Negro that he has accomplished as much good as any other race he will aspire to equality and justice without regard to race. † (Woodson 6) The core purpose of African American studies is to take back from obscurity that piece of the historical puzzle without which the African American would be amidst an endless identity crisis. By studying the origin of his people, the African American, who â€Å"has not yet learned to think and plan for himself as others do for themselves† (Woodson 7), can take control of his own destiny rather than taking as truth â€Å"an abundance of information which others have made accessible to the oppressed. † (Woodson 7) The culture of indoctrination cultivated by the oppressor would have that â€Å"the Negro should cease to remember that he was once held a slave, that he has been oppressed, and even that he is a Negro. † (Woodson 7) Thus, it is plain to see that the African American’s oppressors have too much to lose by promoting the truth. Indeed, it would require them to admit their transgressions and to concede the countless meaningful contributions made by the African American to modern society. Without â€Å"a serious examination of the fundamentals of education, religion, literature, and philosophy as they have been expounded to him† (Woodson 7) by his oppressors, the â€Å"Negro joins the opposition with the objection that the study of the Negro keeps alive questions which should be forgotten. † (Woodson 7) Perhaps the most essential lesson to be learned from an effective, systematic study of African American history is that the contributions made by African Americans are far more numerous than any oppressor could ever know. It is with a pig-headed pride that they conceal the fact that â€Å"the history of the modern world was made, in the main, by what was taken from African people. † (Clarke) Without knowledge such as this, it would be impossible for the African American to take pride in himself and to seek the true identity he has been in search of for centuries. â€Å"A race is like a man. Until it uses its own talents, takes pride in its own history, and loves its own memories, it can never fulfill itself completely. † (Clarke) African American studies can help in understanding other cultures as well as our own by challenging and correcting the misrepresentations of Africa and Western Europe and their cultural legacies. What has been laid aground as history by the oppressor does not serve to benefit the African American but instead to keep him dependent on a system rife with underlying prejudice against his people. History is written in the image of the writer so, consequently, the African American must take up the reins of authorship himself and guide his own destiny. That is precisely why we should study the African American experience, to produce a platform on which he can take back what is innately his. After all, to be cognizant of where one is going, it is necessary to be aware of where one has been.

Dealing with Complaints Essay

You know I have just moved to a new region and noticed the advertisement near by my house. I would like to know about your internet services. – Sure. first of all I want to know for what do you need the internet? For work? For communication? or may be for online games? – well, I think mostly for communication with my relatives abroad. -Ok, then how often do you use internet? -every day. – I have choose some variants for you. What kind of tariff do you prefer? limited or unlimited? unlimited, I think. – so there are 23$ and 17$ variants. Â  a days ago I have bought a new coat and didn’t noticed that there is a big hole inside! – oh, we are really sorry for it. ou can choose from several options: to refund, to replace or to repair it. -I think replacement is what I want. -wait me a minute. I’ll be back soon. Here it is. – thank you. -we apologies again for this defect How can I help you? – I would like to choose a mobile phone for present for my wife. -Well I can offer you this models. Women like it most of all. -Very good. My wife like to make a photos, so I need good camera within the phone. -ok, this models have a 16 megapixels camera. But I would recommend you this phone. It has wi-fi and 3g functions, big sized screen. Moreover this screen can react on nails! – that’s what I need. What is the price for it? -oh, lucky you! Right now we have sale on all phones of this series. It costs only 640$!!! -great. Can you say some words about the guarantees? – Of cause, it has a guarantee on 2 years. With opportunity to refund or replace it if something will go wrong. I forgot to said that it is available in 5 colors: black, white, pink, yellow and blue.

To What Extent is the Protagonist Andres Protrayed as the Ul essays

To What Extent is the Protagonist Andres Protrayed as the Ul essays The novel Talking in Whispers by James Watson is set in Chile, around the time the country was ruled by the dictator General Csar Zuckerman and his government of the Junta. The story focuses on the plight of Andres, Isa and Beto and their struggle to free their homeland from the oppression of the Chilean government. Along their treacherous journey they have many encounters with the CNI, the government enforcers, and are close to near certain capture, but somehow they are able to defy the odds at the last minute, thanks to Andres. Strength and loyalty are both signs of a stereotypical hero, both of which Andres possesses. While trying to escape the Chilean secret police, Andres is captured and taken to the House of Laughter, the CNIs Headquarters. After a short while, Andres is escorted to the Interrogation room where he is tortured for information. During the torture scene, Andres cant take any more pain, so he begins to reveal his secrets; but while doing this he never reveals anything of real importance. You blab... You tell them everything but what really matters. These were instructions from his father Juan. This is what Andres is thinking about when he is being brutally beaten up. This shows his strength and his loyalty to his cause. He proves this loyalty when he is questioned about an injured man and claims not to know anything about it. I saw no wounded man. For this he was electrocuted but he still remained strong. Even after being badly beaten up, electrocuted and then dumped out in the country underneath a pile of corpses with similar histories, Andres still finds the strength to move. No! Im not ready. Ive things to do. Andres Larreta lives! His will to survive and his desire to defeat General Zuckerman and his government still burn brightly regardless of his physical condition. This inextinguishable hope and a wa...

Marketing - Analyzing Buyer Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing - Analyzing Buyer Behavior - Essay Example Floor care products are majorly bought by women who range between 36 to 50 years who are married and take care of their dwellings. Women are majorly concerned about the cleanliness at home and aim at buying products that maintain hygiene at nominal price. As women in today's world are equal bread earners, they are independent to make purchase decisions. The consumer product proposal is good. As mentioned, there must be a new product line improved as a new market strategy to attract new customers and also to retain the existing customer by providing them different options. The new product line must concentrate more on the price and efficacy than the eco friendly and safety aspects of it. As the price factor is the priority of the customers, there has to be a relatively decrease in price for the product to compete with the existing products in the market. By decreasing the manufacturing cost and also reducing the cost of the product, there can be an increase in the volume of goods sold in the market and it will reach the customers effectively. Higher the volume of sales, greater is the profit. These new products can be marketed to mass merchandises like Walmart and K mart in their premier shelves as the inflow of people on a daily basis is very high and people believe in their prices and products. Expanding in to other retail sectors are also a good strategic move, as they can attract a different set of new customers and is a good market development. Expanding in to new sector will familiarize the product and brand in the market. The marketing strategies like online sales will be an added advantage as people now adays prefer online buying which is very comfortable. Online buying has become one o the most common ways of purchasing a products since the last decade. Online sales have doubled during the past two years, with 53 percent of US Web users saying they have made interactive purchases so far in 1999. ("Pastore", 1999) There can be few more consumer recommendations like anti bacterial product which prevents floor from infections, easy usage of the products by providing free liquid sprays, refreshing fragrant liquid, easy stain removal sprays etc. The proposal for commercial product is good; it has aimed at diversifying its supply areas to hospital and nursing homes as the hospitality industry is untapped. The commercial proposal will definitely work because of the increase in span of supply to other commercial sectors and concentrating on the pricing strategy. Whether it is an individual or an organization, they look at optimization of the product and a better value for money. When a product is sold at a nominal cost in the market and is also efficient, it has a better market penetration. A private label floor cleaner will be a good growth strategy as it will have good market development. The health care sector has a high concern for cleanliness and hygiene. It can be observed from any health care organization that there is a high level of abidance for cleanliness. There will be a house keeper who will keep cleaning the floor for at least five to ten times in a day. Their usage is also high where there is a high volume sales opportunity. Adding

1 page for Leaflet about Bikesharing system already prodived your Assignment

1 page for Leaflet about Bikesharing system already prodived your examples - Assignment Example The message will be delivered to the market in different venues. This tends to aid in event awareness, on the healthy wise, the bikes are simple way of exercising they are propelled manually, this give a rider work out. This is advisable since its makes muscles flexible and burn out unwanted fats in the body. Our biking systems are so simple, easier and convenient way. They don’t disrupt pollution is either way neither through air nor land. This system is environmental friendly. It’s also requiring less skills and knowledge in its operation. This makes the user feel easier and smoother while using the system. It gives the free service on its users. Affordability is a major bit in this system. The prices are meant to suit different consumers financial capabilities. Its spare parts are also readily accessible, leading to easier and faster maintenance. Consumers are able to acquire the bikes at their best prices in the current market, enabling even lower and middle leveled class to enjoy the system. The bikes come with full package. Including, free registration numbers. These minimize bureaucracy involved in the process of registration, saving time and the extra costs occurred in the process. It gives riders free time to start enjoying its products on immediate basis. It enables the user to get full access of the holding documents, to provide full ownership of the bike. The authority will have the knowhow about the legal owner of the products, in case of

Disaster Management in Water Science Speech or Presentation

Disaster Management in Water Science - Speech or Presentation Example Furthermore, the water that has been tested from the treatment facilities show that the existing water is contaminated as it contains a lot of foreign traces of dirt which makes it unfit for human consumption. This is a major disaster that has engulfed the entire community which further contradicts the fact that ample clean water supply is essential for consumption. It is the duty of the county to ensure that clean and safe water is available for all people and animals. Dirty water bears the risk of causing numerous diseases such as typhoid, dysentery, hepatitis among others hence this calls for water treatment (Mwenda, 1999).I intend to inform the public in general on the importance of treating water before using it for various purposes such as cooking, drinking just to mention. According to Agnes (2000), she notes that that are several ways of treating water and none of them is perfect. She further argues that the best option is to combine several methods together so as to achieve desirable results. On the other hand, most microbes are killed as a result of water treatment but contaminants for instance salts, heavy metals and some chemicals are not removed (Molo, 2003). It is advisable to let all suspensions in water to settle down before one starts water treatment. Boiling water is considered to be one of the safest meth

Issues in internet sales law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Issues in internet sales law - Essay Example When a bid is made, the bidder is said to have made an offer. When the auctioneer strikes a hammer thrice or says words like ‘Going, Going, Gone’, the offer is accepted and a contract of sale is made. These days, a wide variety of goods are presented for auction online. The seller does not need to meet face-to-face with the buyer or the bidder. The person who makes the highest bid wins the auction and the goods are sold to him. In the given case, Chris won an auction online and bought an artifact for ?50. He believed it to worth ?500 if it was free of chips. Otherwise, it was worth ?50 only. He saw an image of the artifact online and found no flaw in it. The seller had a feedback rating of 50 transactions. The seller had written in caption, â€Å"Old pot ornament, in good condition for its age. I know nothing about these items, but it looks old to me.† Also, in seller’s information, he had written, â€Å"all goods are sold as seen.† When the item was delivered, Chris found out that it was not free of chips. S.14(1) of Sale of Goods, 1979 provides that there are no implied terms as to the condition or warranty about the quality or fitness of goods. In this case, the parties had no direct interaction. The buyer had a look at a photograph of the item online and bought it. There are no implied terms as to the warranty or condition. But S.14(2) states that, â€Å"Where the seller sells goods in the course of a business, there is an implied condition that the goods supplied under the contract are of merchantable quality, except that there is no such condition- (a) as regards defects specifically drawn to the buyer's attention before the contract is made ; or (b) if the buyer examines the goods before the contract is made, as regards defects which that examination ought to reveal.† According to the given facts, the seller had a feedback of 50 transactions. The given facts also quote the seller, â€Å"Old pot ornament, in good condition for its age. I know nothing about these items, but it looks old to me.† The online trading system often produces a dilemma whether the seller acted in the course of business or not. The former of the two facts reveals that the seller had been trading online for quite some time. This means that the seller had acted in the course of business. However, during his run in online trading, he did not sell the same type of goods every time. The later of the two facts shows that the seller did not act in the course of business because he had vividly expressed that he had no knowledge of the ornament. This puts him somewhere in the middle of the two types of actions. Taylor and Willet (2005) call such a seller a Hybrid Seller. The law is silent about this type of seller. There was no concept of such a seller until the emergence of online trading system. The most important factor in determining the rights and remedies of the buyer is the ascertainment of the fact whether it was a sale by description and whether the consumer relied on such description. Chris saw the picture and decided to purchase the ornament thinking that it would be a good investment if the ornament was free of chips. The picture in question shows that the item was a clean piece. Chris depended on the depiction by the picture and decided to purchase the item. Consumer’s reliance is pivotal in the cases of sale by description. S.13(1) of Sale of Goods Act 1979, states that, â€Å"

Application Of Leadership Knowledge To Health Visitors Practice Nursing Essay

Application Of Leadership Knowledge To Health Visitors Practice Nursing Essay 1.1This report will provide evidence of the application of leadership knowledge to the role of the Health visitors practice. The report will look at my leadership style and skills in relation to developing and implementing an evening well baby clinic. When implementing this clinic I will aim to address and discuss past leadership experience and how I will use this within my team to achieve the best outcomes for families within my practice area. Attention will be made on relating this to improving the quality of care as highlighted in the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Standards of proficiency for specialist community public health nurses, 2004. The standards also state that I, as a Specialist Community Public Health Nurses (SCPHN) must work in partnership with all team members and clients. I will apply my existing and newly developed leadership skills when managing my evening well baby clinic (NMC, 2004 and DOH, 2009). This report will include a discussion on my best practice and the use of evaluation and reflection in learning from experiences. The report will also include issues related to the quality of care and how my leadership can maintain or improve it. The aims and objectives of this report are to provide a clear expression of the quality issues in clinical care. To analyse my understanding of the process of change and my leadership styles can influence the quality of care. I will then look at change theories, management and leadership styles within my practice area and consider what the strengths and weaknesses are. Consideration will also be given to conflict management and my style of leadership within the team in order to promote effective working. 2 Critical analysis and review of own individual knowledge and competence of leadership practice within health visiting practice. 2.1Whilst undertaking the SCPHN course I have had many opportunities and experiences to developed my leadership, and reflect on the kind of leader I aspire to be. There are two types of leaders, transformational and transactional. I feel that I am currently a transformational leader as I try to motivate staff members, encourage vision and ideas and inspire team members and clients to achieve the best possible outcomes. As identified by Huber (2010) Vision is a key aspect of any leadership activity. I feel that my evening well baby clinic has shown my vision through the ideas and implementation of activities within the group. I shared my vision with fellow team members, this promoted motivation and inspiration. Transactional leadership is a more direct approach setting out clear goals and offering rewards to staff members in order to meet objectives (Hartley and Benington, 2010). I adapted aspects of this approach but felt that a transformational approach was more appropriate for my t eam and my practice. Whilst the transformational model of leadership may be seen as dynamic and therefore appeal to change agents, in this scenario the proposed change is largely transactional. The evening clinic will not provide staff with new skills or knowledge and it is unlikely to be seen as a particularly innovative as it is simply expanding an already existing service within the practice area. However, it is important to recognise the need for transactional change, in this instance practical concerns of an evening well baby clinic are being addressed. The evening clinic will not only benefit service users, it will improve service delivery and help achieve both local and national requirements. 2.2 I feel that in order to look at management and leadership theories, it is important to understand the differences between them. Warren (2005) differentiated between management and leadership by stating that the main difference is vision. Leadership is concerned with vision, communication and values whereas management is primarily concerned with analysis, planning and problem solving. Kotter (1990) also suggests that both leadership and management are needed within complex organizations in order for them to run smoothly. This is supported by Marquis and Huston (2006) who state that the roles of the manager and the leader can and should be integrated and that it is essential for both approaches to be present within nursing. I believe that it is vital for leaders to have the ability to be both managers and leaders at the same time in order for quality of care to take place. It is important to remember that management and leadership are very different but have overlapping functions ( Ellis and Hartley, 2005, Gopee and Galloway 2009). To have aspects of leadership and management skills are an essential part of the SCPHN role. Gopee and Galloway (2009) support Huber (2010) about the key importance of a visionary approach to leadership. It is important to reflect on the differences between leadership and management, to have the ability to utilise management in order to enhance my leadership and promote flexible, positive and appropriate team development. Christian and Norman (1998) build on this by arguing that management and leadership are so different that they sometimes can be conflicting. 2.3In my leadership experience I believe that having an effective working relationship with you team can influence the outcomes of a project this is identified by Hartley and Benington (2010), as being a key leadership quality. Kotter (1990) states that leadership is about setting directions, motivating people, inspiring people, having the ability to adopt a visionary position, setting a direction, and anticipating as well as coping with change. I have adapted this approach by undertaking regular team meetings where ideas and goals were set. Then time was given for the team to feedback there own personal vision which promoted self esteem and ownership of the project to enhance team motivation towards a common goal. Team members through this feedback time were able to identify there own strengths and interests to bring to the project, any areas of weakness that were identified were discussed and any relevant training was given. Cooperation and collaboration from other agencies was res ourced to provide the best quality service for staff and service users alike. This enabled learning from each other where any potential conflict would be avoided due to staff working within there capability within there role and recognising that each member of staff is accountable for there own practice. This links with Malcolm et al (2003) who argues that leaders within the clinical area should stay focused on quality of care and professional issues and not cross over to the other side, which is management. 2.4 I believe, as dose Mulally (2001) that leadership for nurses is essential for the success of the Department of Healths NHS plan (2000). Over the past decade accessibility has been a consistent factor in governmental policy. The white paper; The New NHS: Modern Dependable (DH, 1997) advocated improvements to the quality, range and accessibility of services available within the community. Shortly after the Acheson Report (Acheson, 1998) highlighted that within primary care it is important that services are not only effective but readily accessible. Acheson concluded that the NHS should be aiming to provide equitable access to effective health care for all. The project that I have implemented is aimed to improve the quality of existing services. Research into inequalities in health and anecdotal evidence from parents who have or are due to return to work has highlighted a current deficit in service provision. Service users have indicated general dissatisfaction at there being no cli nic available at a time accessible to working parents. When discussing inequalities it is easy to focus on disadvantaged families living in deprived areas, however, it is important to acknowledge that working parents experiencing difficulties accessing services only available during the working day are also experiencing inequality. Therefore as a leader I have identified a gap in service provision and an opportunity to reduce inequalities in health by providing this service. The NHS Plan continued the trend of encouraging a greater range of services and recommended that primary care providers offer services from shared modern premises (DH, 2000). Recently, Our health, Our care, Our say (DH, 2006) was published which aims to improve services in the community, it promised more co-ordination between services and greater consistency across the health service in order to reduce inequalities. It also advocated more flexible services to increase accessibility and recommended involving serv ice users and the local population in decision making. 3. Critically analyse leadership styles and apply them to the complexity of the delivery of care. 3.1 In the last year as a SCPHN I have been able to observe many different leadership styles, on reflection I believe that I have chosen aspects of these styles to develop my own style. One theorist suggests that leadership in a clinical setting influences followers to bring about improvements in care (Welford, 2002). Through research I have found that there are many different leadership styles, Hersey et al (2008) identified these styles as authoritarian, laissez-faire and democratic. Within my career I have encountered many of the leadership styles, this has enabled me to choose aspects of these styles within my own practice. I found the laissez-faire approach of no interference and lack of decision making and a lack of structure to be confusing and unclear. The advantages of this approach with groups are that they are fully independent and promote professionals working together (Huber, 2010). The authoritarian approach from previous leaders has been very directive and not team foc used. I found this approach did not encourage togetherness and therefore I would not want to promote this within my team. In conflict situations I can see how it would be an efficient approach. I aim to be a democratic leader who works with there team, sharing responsibility and decision making although this may be a long drawn out process I believe it will facilitate an improved project. Huber(2010) stated that the challenges of a democratic style are getting people with different professional backgrounds to work together and decide on a plan of action. To overcome this I ensured that the team shared common goals. I created motivation within the team to examine working practices. This was confirmed to me as many of the staff showed their interest by their offering of ideas to meet this challenge. By tapping into the moral dimension of a proposed change i.e. promoting the need to contribute in order to protect the safety and health inequalities for those children and families who wo uld not otherwise be in a position to attend a well baby clinic during the day. It was also recognised that there may be resistance to working unsocial hours. As two health visitors will be required for each clinic and there are currently in excess of 20 health visitors employed by the trust they may only be expected to cover one clinic every 10 months. Some staff may even volunteer to work more often providing relief for those staff who arent keen to cover the clinic while providing a benefit to themselves if they can start work later in the day, therefore demonstrating that the democratic leadership style further inspired staff to change by motivating followers to transcend their own self-interest for the sake of the team and organization (Bass 1985). 3.2 Situational leadership was developed by Hersey and Blanchard (1977) and assumes the leader adapts their style according to a given situation. Encouraging team input and facilitating problem solving are key features of the supportive behaviours exhibited by the situational leader (Northouse 2004). This style has two main types of intervention: those which are supportive and those which are directive. The effective situational leader is one that adjusts the directive and supportive dimensions of their leadership according to the needs of their subordinates (Northouse 2004).As most team members were highly motivated in the project, freely offering suggestions and ideas, a directive role was not needed. The supportive behaviours I employed encouraged a participative approach characterised by the use of finely tuned interpersonal skills such as active listening, giving feedback and praising (Marquis and Huston 2000) which can be likened to a Skinnerian approach of positive reinforceme nt. 3.3 I can identify my correct use of the democratic leadership style by working with and alongside team members encouraging participation. This is achieved by assessing workers competence and commitment to completing the task. The member of staff that appeared to take little interest and was not able to offer ideas displayed a lower developmental level compared to other team members and hence I directed her more using the coaching behaviours advocated by Hersey and Blanchard (1977). This coaching promoted inclusion and participation by: giving encouragement, soliciting input and questioning the participant on what they thought of the proposal and the changes they would like to see. This was done to increase levels of commitment and motivation (Northouse 2004) and thus integrate that team member into the change process. On reflection this can also be identified as an example of reducing the resisting factors to the change within the force field as by adapting to the needs of that team member, she was encouraged to take part and share ideas rather than hinder progress and potentially thwart the change. I aim to develop my leadership style further by gaining feedback from my team members and by reflecting on what have been positive and negative experiences, whilst maintaining a link with best evidence based practice. 3.4 When implementing my evening well baby clinic and introducing my new leadership style, it was important to remember that change would be needed. When proposing change it must be recognised that if a structured process is not used the process could easily fail (Keyser and Wright,1998). It is important therefore, to acknowledge the complexity of the process. Lewin (1951) identified three stages in the process of change, these were unfreeze, move and refreeze. Within this scenario, theunfreeze process would include communication and planning with both staff and PCT management in order to gain their backing and support for the evening clinic. The move process would involve trying the evening clinic for a period of six months, and observing its effectiveness during this time. If the evaluation of the service proved it to be successful it would ultimately result in the clinic becoming established concluding the refreeze process. Through implementing the clinic I gained peoples thoughts and opinions and what they felt was needed, in Kassean Jagoos study (2005), they identified the unfreezing stage as that of facilitating peoples thoughts on the current situation. Sheldon and Parkers (1997) research found that people can only be empowered by a vision that they understand and that it is paramount that strategies are used to foster inclusion and participation so that all team members are fully aware of the impetus for change. 3.5 When improving care, two potential obstacles have been highlighted by Tait (2004), these were limited resources and the pace of change. With these in mind, a force field analysis (Lewin, 1951) has been completed to try and identify potential barriers. The issues I have identified are that it must be established early in the process the arrangements for the remuneration of staff time. Possible options are overtime payments or time owing. Staff will display individual preferences depending on their individual perception of the benefit of each option. As the decision on how time will be paid will lie with the PCT management team it is important to establish their response early as this issue is likely to be raised by the health visitors very early in the change process. Another issue identified was Health and Safety. As the building is already used for a family planning Clinic, any health and safety issues are already likely to have been addressed. I however considered it to be good practice to revisit and review the risk assessment. I identified a training issue around securing the health centre at the end of the evening, these locking up and safety procedures could be addressed with a short in house training session. After identifying the above issues it was my responsibility as a leader to consider resources and budgets available in order to achieve all my aims and objectives. 4. Identify and evaluate areas of leadership that enhance and benefit the quality of client care. 4.1 The Government has clearly outlined the need for nurses to develop leadership skills at all levels within the workforce in order to deliver the NHS modernisation programme (DH 1998; DH 1999). The leadership role expected of community practitioners is evident in Shifting the Balance of Power (DH 2001a) and Liberating the Talents (DH 2002) with the expectation that health visitors will lead teams which will deliver family-centred public health within the communities they work (DH 2001b). I strongly believe that by collaborating with other agencies when setting up my evening well baby clinic I have improved the quality of care for clients within my practice area. 4.1When implementing my project I took into consideration the felt and expressed needs (Bradshaw, 1972) of service users, and in line with both local Primary Care Trust (PCT) and government policy (Sec 2.3) regarding accessibility to services, it is proposed that an evening clinic be introduced for a trial period of six months. I made this decision as a leader of my team to ensure quality care and provision was implemented. To enable ongoing quality and evaluation change will be audited and evaluated in order to inform future practice and service delivery. In health visiting I believe that the emphasis should be placed on quality of care, providing and promoting access to health information and helping people make sense of the information so that they are able to make informed lifestyle decisions (DH, 2000). 4.2 A study investigating parents preferred sources of child health information found that when parents required advice on their childs general health care needs, the child health clinic was the second most popular source of information and advice (Keatinge, 2005). Child health nurses were identified as a good source of information, parents felt comfortable talking to the nurse and advice was seen to be reliable. Attendance at the child health clinic was viewed as an opportunity to obtain regular information and advice (Keatinge, 2005). A study of parental satisfaction with the health visiting service found that approximately two thirds of health visitor contacts took place in the clinic and routine weighing and general advice accounted for a high percentage of recent contacts in one year old infants. Again the health visitor was viewed as an important source of advice (Bowns, Crofts, Williams, Rigby, Hall and Haining, 2000). The National Service Framework (NSF) for Children, Young P eople and Maternity services (DH, 2004), contains several standards. Standards 1-3 are particularly relevant when considering a well baby Clinic, they focus on promoting health and identifying needs, supporting parents and having services centred around the family. Each of these standards can be addressed in a well baby clinic. The NSF is intended to lead a cultural shift which will result in services designed around the needs of the family, not the needs of the organisation, thus resulting in quality of care for all (DH, 2004). 4.3As a leader it is essential to have an awareness of clinical governance to ensure health care organisations can develop cultures and ways of thinking in order to improve quality of care (Tait, 2004). I have considered the culture of the organisation within which the proposed change will take place as I felt it was important. In my experience of the health visiting service, individual health visitors cover individual caseloads and generally work independently. This is not to say that a team culture does not exist but communication is essential, and as a leader I can facilitate this as part of my role. In addition to this regular health visitor meetings and annual away days encourage communication and help foster the wider team spirit. Clinical governance attempts to provide joined up policy development (Tait, 2004) so it is important to note that the issues highlighted are high on both local and national agendas. As a result of this it is hoped that the proposal, attempting to impr ove service provision with minimal resource implications is likely to be given serious consideration by service providers. Initial consultation with the management team was sought to identify if there is managerial support for the proposed evening clinic. Once this was achieved the process of consultation with health visitors and administrative staff began. It is hoped that by encouraging shared governance and shared leadership the proposal will be both practitioner owned and organisationally supported (Scott and Caress, 2005). 5.Demonstrate a dynamic and flexible approach to leadership issues. 5.1Within the project there is a mixture of cultures that have proved beneficial when planning the expansion of the well baby clinic. Managerial support was established early in the process, so that the change would be less opposed. However in addition to this staff were encouraged to contribute their ideas and concerns the change process may progress more smoothly. The implementation of this strategy reduced the risks of potential conflict. Barr and Dowding (2010) state that by being a dynamic and flexible leader who is able to resolve conflict effectively, high quality patient care can be achieved. Change can sometimes be viewed as a negative thing. A percentage of the team who will be affected by this change are established health visitors. There can at times be apathy to change and a tendency to continue with a certain practice because it has always been done that way or because something has been tried and failed before. 5.2 If conflict was to arise within my team I would use a conflict resolution strategy as identified by Barton (1991). This approach can be adapted by leaders to help improve team moral and productivity (Huber 2010). I believe the important factors for the leader to implement are effective communication, assertiveness and empathy. If this technique is delivered effectively I believe can be resolved quickly and with minimal upset. If conflict arises and a leader avoids confronting an issue or withdraws from the situation this can be beneficial as it allows for a cooling off period between team members but I believe that this is not a solution as it will not resolve the conflict. Marquis and Huston (2006) support Hubers research by saying that a leader should address conflict but also needs to recognise and accept an individuals differences and opinions. Therefore a flexible leadership style should be adopted whenever possible. 6 Conclusion and Summery. 6.1 In conclusion I feel that a model which places great importance on the needs, values and morals of others is transformational leadership (Northouse 2004; RCN 2005) and elements of this could be identified in my leadership. The goal of transformational leadership is to create a vision change what is into something better. Although transformational leadership did not originate within the nursing profession, its usefulness is in its application towards implementing the proposed change in practice. Transformational leaders are accustomed to sharing power, using influence and developing potential and are seen as the only leader likely to implement lasting change (Marriner-Tomey 2004). 6.2 Before completing the process I was inclined to believe that a large proportion of change was dictated to staff by managers and that as an individual member of a large work population I had a relatively little influence over work practices and few opportunities to lead other staff. The positive outcome of compiling this report has been gaining insight into the process of change and that different types of change and leadership are equally important. I have also benefited from actually completing the process and analysing the potential problems that may occur when trying to introduce a change in practice. I feel that the knowledge gained has influenced and inspired me to strive to become a motivational and beurocratic leader. 6.3 The negative points have been seeing how much work is required to bring about a relatively small change in practice. This process has taught me that in my career I will be unable to change everything I want to. It has also been difficult gathering the evidence base which has been frustrating as this appears to be a fundamental indicator in ensuring a proposal within practice is taken seriously. In the future I hope my new confidence in my ability to lead and empower will make me a valuable contributor to the health visiting service. I will carefully study those working practices I would like to change, ensure there is a good evidence base for any proposals and follow a structured process in order to maximise the potential success of future ventures. 6.4 Evidence based practice- leadership-SCPHN. AND CONTINUING REFLECTION OF SELF AND SERVICES.adapability and flexability.values

A Comparison of Thomas Grays Elegy (Eulogy) Written in a Country Churc

A Comparison of Thomas Gray's Elegy (Eulogy) Written in a Country Churchyard and Bryant's Thanatopsis  Ã‚     Ã‚   Thomas Gray and William Cullen Bryant both chose to write about nature and death being intertwined. Since Thomas Gray lived in a time of social injustice, he chose to use death to illustrate the problems inherent in a socially stratified society. William Cullen Bryant, on the other hand, lived in a rapidly expanding young nation that cherished the vast amounts of untouched nature and he used death to illustrate how man fits into the universal truth of the earth. However, both men believed that death rendered all men equal in that all went to their final resting place in Mother Nature's bosom. While Gray's "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" comes across as a social commentary on the English peasants and Bryant's "Thanatopsis" serves as a catalog of American Romantic beliefs, both believe that one must listen to nature, that death makes all men equal, and that man returns to nature after death. To compare how the poems minor themes are similar, one must first understand their major themes' differences. "Elegy" differs so greatly from "Thanatopsis" because they came from vastly different times and countries. Gray wrote "Elegy" in eighteenth century England after the death of one of his friends. Influenced by the English Romantics like Gray, Bryant, who spent much of his time out in the wild, wrote "Thanatopsis" in praise of nature's splendor. "Elegy" appears at first to be solely about death but emerges as a social commentary on the plight of the poor. Gray first explains how the commoners delight in the simple life of working in the fields and enjoying their families while "Chill Penury" held them back from gr... ...    Brady, Frank. "Structure and Meaning in Gray's Elegy" Thomas Gray's Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 7-17.    Carper, Thomas. "Gray's Personal Elegy" Thomas Gray's Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 39-50.    Lonsdale, Roger. "Poetry of Thomas Gray: Versions of the Self" Thomas Gray's Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 19-38.    McLean, Albert. William Cullen Bryant. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc, 1964. 65-81.    Smith, Eric. "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" Thomas Gray's Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 51-67.    Peckham, Harry Houston. Gotham Yankee. New York: Russell and Russell, 1971. 31-35.   

African Americans health disparities Essay

In 2011, the diagnosis rate for HIV cases in the United States was 15. 8 per 100,000 population and 60. 4 among Blacks. Of 197,090 diagnoses of HIV-infection from 2008- 2011, Blacks/African Americans accounted for: ?47% OF THE TOTAL ?64% OF WOMEN ?66% OF INFECTIONS ATTRIBUTED TO HETEROSEXUAL CONTACT ?67% OF CHILDREN, AGES < 13 In 2010, the death rate for blacks was higher (25. 0 per 100,000) compared with any other racial ethnicity group (3. 0 whites). Blacks represented 49% of all deaths with HIV in 2010. A recent study showed that blacks diagnosed with HIV are less likely than other groups to be linked to care, retained in care, receive antiretroviral treatment and achieve adequate viral suppression. African American Males African American men accounted for 42% of HIV cases diagnosed among men in 2011. A majority (72%) of African American men with HIV contracted the disease by male to male contact while 19% contracted HIV through heterosexual exposure. African American Females Among African American women, high risk heterosexual contact was the most frequently cited mode of transmission, accounting for 89% of cases diagnosed in 2011. More Information: ?HIV/AIDS TOPIC SITE ?HIV/AIDS AND AFRICAN AMERICANS ?HIV/AIDS STATISTICS AND SURVEILLANCE Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) Gonorrhea In 2010, 69% of all reported cases of gonorrhea occurred among blacks. The rate of gonorrhea among blacks in 2010 was 432. 5 cases per 100,000 population, which was 18. 7 times the rate among whites (23. 1). This disparity has changed little in recent years. This disparity was larger for black men (22.2 times) than for black women (16. 2 times). Chlamydia In 2010, the overall rate among blacks in the United States was 1,167. 5 cases per 100,000, a 4. 0% increase from the 2009 rate of 1,122. 2 cases per 100,000. The rate of chlamydia among black women was over seven times the rate among white women (1,536. 5 and 205. 1 per 100,000 women, respectively). The chlamydia rate among black men was almost 11 times the rate among white men (761. 8 and 69. 9 cases per 100,000 men, respectively). Syphilis.

Installing and Upgrading Software Essay

There are a number of reasons for upgrading software, generally the main reason is that the software has been improved or security problems have been addressed, or it offers new functionality. You may also install or update software when a new piece of hardware is installed in order to make it compatible. Other reasons may include software which is no longer supported by the manufacturer. If the software in question brings new functionality to the computer system in day to day life and makes that task easier, then you should consider updating. You also upgrade when you need to or when you want to upgrade or when your system is not working properly, existing software fails to run correctly and when additional functionality required. Sometimes, your pc crashes, freezes, your PC runs very slow, Having Problems Shutting down the computer and Shutting down applications and sometimes its shutdown while you are doing something or you may just get blank screen. If you find that you need more power in your machine and then you can upgrade your components, when your computer stops doing what you need it to do, then it is time to consider upgrading or replacing the computer. You upgrade when your existing system is not work properly, when you need new hardware or new software for your system and sometimes it may be company policy that you upgrade systems. You upgrade to fix programming bugs and security holes. Describe the potential prompt that initiate new or upgrade software: When you upgrade the software it might not work because it may not be suitable for the system specification, so in that situation you will need to upgrade the system to allow that software to work. Upgrading new software is used in computing and user electronics, generally meaning replacement of software with a newer version, in order to bring the system up to date to improve its characteristics. When installing or upgrading you should be aware of all the different types of risks that can occur risks such as prompts. Explain the advantage and potential disadvantage of the installation or upgrade of new software: The advantages of the installation or upgrades of the new software are that it may allow you to install different applications and also it may add new features to your current software. The disadvantages is that the upgrade may not be successful or even cause problems to other software which are currently installed and also it may stop other applications from running. It also may cause problems to existing system.